This section will show you the editing features of FrEd. When you finish this section you will be able to:
o read the online tutor
o change the data line display
o control cursor movement
o define paragraphs
o insert text
o delete text
o join and split, indent paragraphs
o center a line
o change the case of text
o move a block of text to another place in the file
o find, and find and replace a word or phrase
TUTOR
While you are writing with FrEd, you may need to review commands. Type the <T> command to read the online <T>UTOR.
DATA LINE DISPLAY
While you are in the editing mode of FrEd a data line is displayed at the top of the screen.
------------------------------------------------
|FrEdWriter Size: 15215 <T>utor |
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---Each time you insert or delete a character the document Size will change
---The data line can appear as described above; as a scale; or it can be hidden from view.
---To change the data line, tap ESC key. Each time ESC is pressed the data line will change.
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CONTROLLING CURSOR MOVEMENT
The cursor is the flashing rectangle that moves along the typing line. It indicates the place where the next letter will appear as you type. There are three ways to move the cursor around the page.
1. ONE SPACE/CHARACTER OR LINE AT A TIME
2. ONE PARAGRAPH AT A TIME
3. TO THE BEGINNING OR ENDING OF A FILE
The chart below shows cursor movement keys. Multiple-key sequences are typed this way: Press and hold down the first key (or two keys if 3 are described); tap the last key; release all keys.
For repeated cursor movement, hold down the 1st key(s); tap repeatedly on the last key.
The < > brackets stand for the control key.
When in doubt about the order for keystrokes, press the control key first.
Up one defined paragraph Open Apple-Up Arrow Shift-<A>
Down one defined para. Open Apple-Down Arrow Shift-<Z>
To beginning of file <B> <B>
To end of file <E> <E>
INSERTING TEXT
Text is easily added to a FrEd document. Simply type. As text is inserted, all text to the right and below the cursor moves over to make room.
Here are the steps to follow to insert text:
1. Move the cursor to the exact place where you want the new
text to be added.
2. Enter the new text.
3. Press the space bar after the last word.
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DELETING TEXT
DELETING CHARACTERS
1. Move the cursor to the space or character immediately to the
RIGHT of the word or character you want to delete.
2. //e: Press the DELETE key; ][+: Press Control-D
Every time you press the DELETE key the character to the LEFT of the cursor will be PERMANENTLY deleted.
DELETING LINES
You may wish to delete a large portion of text more quickly. This procedure lets you delete one line at a time:
1. Move the cursor to the space immediately after the
line you want to delete.
2. //e: Hold down Open Apple key; ][+: Hold down Shift key
3. //e: Press DELETE key; ][+: Press Control-D
Be careful when you use this option. Deletion is very quick... remember the auto-repeat function in the Apple //e and //c!
NOTE: See the FIND and REPLACE section for another way to delete quickly.
DEFINE PARAGRAPHS
WORD WRAP
As you use FrEd your typing speed will improve because of "WORD WRAP." This describes the way words automatically move to the line below as you type near the end of a line of text. You don't have to concentrate on hyphenating words or running out of room on a line.
TWO REASONS TO AVOID PRESSING RETURN AT ENDS OF LINES
1 You'll save time.
2 Reformatting for printing will be easier.
THE INVERSE P APPEARS EVERY TIME YOU PRESS THE RETURN KEY. It signals the ending of a paragraph, and is called a PARAGRAPH MARKER.
TURN PARAGRAPH MARKERS (INVERSE P) ON AND OFF WITH THE <R>eveal Command.
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JOIN, SPLIT AND INDENT PARAGRAPHS
In order to join or split paragraphs you must be able to insert and delete characters. When you join paragraphs you'll be deleting the blank spaces and paragraph markers (inverse P's) that were between them. When you split paragraphs you will be inserting new paragraph markers.
These are the steps to follow to JOIN PARAGRAPHS:
1. Place the cursor on the first letter of the bottom paragraph.
2. APPLE //e -- Tap the DELETE key until the paragraph is moved
up to where you would like it.
APPLE ][+ -- Tap <D>elete
These are the steps to follow to SPLIT A PARAGRAPH:
1. Place the cursor in the space directly AFTER the last letter
or character that defines the end of the first paragraph.
2. Press the RETURN key twice to separate the paragraphs.
These are the steps to follow to INDENT A PARAGRAPH:
1. Place the cursor on the first character of the paragraph.
2. Press the space bar (or press TAB for 5 spaces).
CHANGING UPPER/LOWER CASE
1. Place the cursor at the beginning or end of the block which
you wish to change.
2. Type the <C>ase command.
3. Use the left or right arrow to move across the block to be
changed.
Upper case letters will change to lower case, and vice versa.
CENTERING A LINE
You may automatically center a line of text, provided:
a. The line preceeding it ended with a RETURN
b. The line to be centered ends with a RETURN
Steps
1. Place the cursor on the line of text
2. Type <X>
3. The line will center and cursor will move to the next line.
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BLOCK MOVE
Moving blocks of text is very easy. However, it will move only 250 characters at a time.
1. Move the cursor to the space immediately after the last
word you want to move.
2. //e: Hold Open Apple key down; ][+: Hold Shift key down.
3. Tap the left arrow key until all text you wish to move has
disappeared.
4. Move the cursor to the new location of the text.
5. //e: Hold Open Apple key down. ][+: Hold the Shift Key down
6. Tap the right arrow key until all the letters you want are recovered.
NOTE: This moves only up to 250 characters at a time. See DOC.B for ways to COPY larger blocks of text within your document.
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FIND; FIND and REPLACE
These are helpful and important advanced features. You will probably not use them until you are comfortable with FrEd.
There are three ways to use the find and replace feature:
1) FIND -- to quickly search out words and phrases in a document.
2) FIND and REPLACE -- manual
3) FIND and REPLACE -- automatic
FIND a WORD or PHRASE:
1. Move to the <B>eginning of the file.
2. Type the <F>ind command.
3. At the prompt at the bottom of the screen, type a delimiter
(an exclamation mark, slash, etc.; see below)
4. Write the string (word or phrase) you would like to find
5. Enter the delimiter again.
6. Press the RETURN key.
In other words, if you were looking for the word 'Apple', you
would type
<F>ind: !Apple! RETURN
7. The program will scan the file and will stop at the first
occurrence of that string. If you want to find another
occurrence of the string, press the RETURN key. Press any
other key to stop.
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MANUAL FIND AND REPLACE
FIND AND REPLACE allows you to quickly and easily make numerous identical changes in a document.
Here are the steps for a manual find and replace:
1. Move to the <B>eginning of the file
2. Type the <F>ind command
3. Type a delimiter after the prompt (See below for legal
delimiters).
4. Enter the string (word or phrase) you want to find.
5. Enter the delimiter again.
6. Enter the new string.
7. Enter the final delimiter.
8. Press the RETURN key.
Example: <F>ind !Aple!Apple!
FrEd will scan the file from the cursor forward. When it finds the next occurrence of the search string, it will stop and display the following prompt:
[F]ind: RETURN=Proceed / Y=Replace
9. Press either:
a)RETURN to continue the search without replacing the search string.
b)Y to replace the search string with the new string. After the change is made you'll be given the prompt:
[F]ind: RETURN=Proceed
Press either:
RETURN to continue the search.
ANY OTHER KEY to stop the search.
The ESC key can always be pressed to terminate the FIND operation.
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AUTOMATIC FIND AND REPLACE
When you use the manual FIND and REPLACE you are prompted at every occurrence of the search string.
However, when you use the automatic FIND and REPLACE FrEd will scan the entire document and and replace EVERY search string with the new string.
The steps to follow are written out in the previous section. The difference is that you'll enter an A (in upper or lower case) after the final delimiter. [F]ind: !wory!worry!a
Be careful when using the automatic FIND and REPLACE.
The CASE of the letters will make a difference. If you ask for a search for the word !overview! you'll not find the word !Overview!.
The SPACES will make a difference. If you ask for a replacement of the word HE with the word SHE (!HE!SHE!A) you'll find that ALL occurrences of the letters HE will be changed to SHE. For example:
HE will become SHE
THEY will become TSHEY
THEM will become TSHEM
THERE will become TSHERE, etc.
You can avoid this problem by using spaces in your search string. (! HE ! SHE !a)
DELETING WITH FIND AND REPLACE
You may also use find and replace to delete up to 255 characters. 1. Mark the beginning and ending of the section to be deleted
with a marker, such as %% or $$. Refer to the next section
for information on the special search symbols.
2. Move the cursor so it is above the section to be deleted.
3. Type the <F>ind command.
5. Enter this information <%%=%%<<
6. Press the RETURN key.
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DELIMITERS and SPECIAL SEARCH SYMBOLS
FrEdWriter recognizes several different delimiters so you can conduct very sophisticated searches. You can search for Paragraph Markers (also known as "Return symbols," since they appear each time you press the RETURN key); for strings of letters of variable length; and words for which you are unsure of the spelling.
THIS CHART SHOWS THE POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS:
Delimiter Any Length "Return" Wild Card
Symbol Symbol Symbol Symbol
---------------------------------------------
! none none none
< = > ?
# $ % &
& '(apostrophe) ( )
* + , -
FIND AND REPLACE EXAMPLES
!cat!dog! All occurrences of 'cat' will be found,
you'll be asked if you would like it to
be changed to 'dog'.
<Th??g< Any five letter word will be found that
begins with a Th and ends with a g
<??t< Any three letter word will be found that
ends in 't'.
&later.(&now.(& Any sentence ending with the word later will
be found. You'll be asked if you would like
the word 'later' changed to 'now'.
<>< < All RETURN keys (inverse Ps) will be found.
You'll be asked if you like the RETURN deleted
and a space inserted. (Useful feature for
telecommunications!)
Try these and all Find and Replace procedures on files that have been saved. Start with small files to practice. Remember that upper and lower case are not the same in Find and Replace.
Note: If you have already conducted a <F>ind, you will see the last set of delimiters and text displayed after the <F>ind prompt at the bottom of the screen. If you want the SAME search, simply type '=' over the first character and press RETURN. If you want a DIFFERENT search, type over the old characters with the new ones.
QUITTING FrEdWriter
You can quit FrEd by turning off your your computer, rebooting a different program disk, or by using the <Q>uit command to return to the main FrEdWriter Menu.
Be sure you have saved your file to disk before you quit FrEd, since all text in FrEd's memory will be erased by one of these actions.
The <Q>uit command returns to the main menu. You will be asked if you really want to do that, since all text in memory will be erased. Respond Y if you have already saved your file to disk (or if you don't want to save your file.
Make sure the FrEd disk is in drive 1 before <Q>uitting. If it is not in drive one you may have to reboot FrEd.
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SUMMARY
CONTROL THE CURSOR MOVEMENT
1. Use the arrow keys (][+ arrows and <A>, <Z>)
2. Use Open Apple Arrow keys (][+ Shift <A>, <Z>)
3. <B>eginning, or <E>nd
DEFINE PARAGRAPHS
1. Press the RETURN key
TOGGLE THE DISPLAY OF PARAGRAPH MARKERS
1. Use control R, <R>eveal
INSERT TEXT
1. Move the cursor to the insertion point.
2. Enter the new text.
3. Press the space bar after the last word.
DELETE CHARACTERS
1. Move the cursor to the space immediately to the left of the
character to be deleted.
2. Press the DELETE key. (][+ <D>)
DELETE LINES
1. Move cursor to space immediately to the left of the line to
be deleted.
2. Press the Open Apple, keep it down.
3. Tap on the DELETE key, once for each line. (][+ Shift <D>)
JOIN TWO PARAGRAPHS
1. Move cursor to the first letter of the bottom paragraph.
2. Tap the DELETE key until the paragraph is moved up. ][ <D>
SPLIT A PARAGRAPH
1. Move the cursor to the space directly after the last
character of the first paragraph to be defined.
2. Press the RETURN key until the paragraph is correctly
positioned.
CHANGE CASE OF TEXT
1. Position cursor on first or last letter to be changed
2. <C>
3. Tap the right or the left arrow key
4. Tap the space bar to break out of <C> mode
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CENTER LINE
1. Place cursor on line to be centered (anywhere on line)
2. Be sure line is surrounded by carriage returns
3. <X>
INDENT A PARAGRAPH
1. Move the cursor to the first letter of the paragraph.
2. Press the space bar or TAB key.
RETURN TO THE MAIN MENU
1. <Q>uit
2. Respond to prompts
BLOCK MOVE
1. Move the cursor to the space immediately after the last
word to be moved.
2. Press the Open Apple key, keep it down (][+ Shift <-- )
3. Tap the left arrow key.
4. move the cursor to the new position
5. Press the Open Apple key, keep it down (][+ Shift --> )
6. Tap the right arrow key.
FIND
1. Go to <B>eginning of file
2. <F>
3. Enter delimiter
4. Enter the word to be found
5. Enter delimiter
6. Press RETURN
FIND AND REPLACE
1. Go to <B>eginning of file
2. <F>
3. Enter delimiter
4. Enter the word to be found
5. Enter delimiter
6. Enter the replacement word
7. Enter delimiter
(If doing an automatic Find and Replace, enter an A)
